Syringa (
Lilac) is a genus of about 20–25 species of
flowering woody plants in the olive family (
Oleaceae), native to woodland and scrub from southeastern
Europe to eastern
Asia.
They are
deciduous shrubs or small
trees, ranging in size from 2–10 m tall, with stems up to 20–30 cm diameter. The
leaves are opposite (occasionally in whorls of three) in
arrangement, and their
shape is simple and heart-shaped to broad lanceolate in most species, but
pinnate in a few species (e.g.
S. protolaciniata, S. pinnatifolia). The
flowers are produced in spring, each flower being 5–10 mm in diameter with a four-lobed
corolla, the corolla tube narrow, 5–20 mm long; they are
bisexual, with fertile
stamens and
stigma in each flower. The usual flower colour is a shade of purple (often a light purple or
lilac), but white, pale yellow and pink, and even a dark burgundy color are also found. The flowers grow in large
panicles, and in several species have a strong fragrance. Flowering varies between mid spring to early summer, depending on the species. The
fruit is a dry, brown
capsule, splitting in two at maturity to release the two winged
seeds.